APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF PIGGYBACK

Abstract

Approaches to determining the nature of piggyback transportation in Ukraine and the world are considered, the etymology of the concept is analyzed, the main types of piggyback and piggyback transportation are determined, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of freight transportation, prospects for their development are characterized. In a broad sense, piggyback is defined as a specialized type of intermodal and combined transport, where one transport unit together with the cargo is transported in the body of the other (more carries less). International publications also include combinations of road, rail, water or aviation modes of transport for cargo transportation within the framework of one cargo contract for the consignor. In the world, container transportation is considered more extensively - as transportation of goods in the same loading unit or road vehicle, where two or more modes of transport are used sequentially, without handling the goods when changing modes (combined and mixed). The most common approach is to define piggyback as a combination of rail and road transport. Accordingly, the concept of "container", which is a container equipped with automobile wheels, intended for combined transportation of goods - road-water, road-rail or mixed road-rail-water is distinguished. In Ukraine, as in other European countries, the narrower interpretation of piggyback transportation is more common than combined rail and road transport of trailers, semi-trailers, trailers or removable bodies together with cargo on the railway platform. Trailer transportation has a number of advantages related to time and cost savings, safe delivery, environmental friendliness, unloading of highways, and more efficient use of transport resources. Pipeline transportation is widespread for delivery to remote areas and internationally, reducing formal procedures for customs clearance. All these advantages underline the relevance of the research and the need for the development of piggyback transportation in Ukraine and in the world.