COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Abstract

International institutes conduct, form and publish annual ratings of innovatively active and innovatively attractive countries. These ratings are formed on the basis of groups of indicators by which the corresponding indices are calculated. The article analyzes the constituent groups of indicators of the main innovative indices, identifies their differences and makes a comparative assessment of the innovative development of the countries of the world. It has been determined that the most well-known ratings with which to assess the innovative potential, technological and innovative competitiveness of countries include: The Global Innovation Index, International Innovation Index BCG, The Knowledge Economy Index, Innovation Capacity Index, Innovation Union Scoreboard, Global Talent Competitiveness Index, Readiness for the Future of Production, Bloomberg Innovation Index and Global Competitiveness Index.

Based on a comparative assessment of the ratings among the leaders in the field of innovation and innovative development as of 2019, we can distinguish Switzerland, the USA, Sweden, the Netherlands and Singapore. At the same time, it is very difficult to determine the immediate leader, since countries according to different indices have different places in the ranking.

The study took into account six of the ten existing indices, a comparative analysis of which indicates a fairly large difference in the estimates. For example, Switzerland has three first places (in the Global Innovation Index, in the Innovation Index of the European Innovation Scoreboard and in the Global Talent Competitiveness Index) and three fourth places (in the Global Competitiveness Index, Bloomberg Agency for Innovative Development Index, and Future Readiness Assessment production). Places in Singapore differ from 2 to 11, the United States - from 1 to 8. The differences in the ratings of Ukraine - from 36 to 67. Since each innovation index is built in accordance with certain criteria, their diversity does not give a clear picture of which country is the undisputed leader in innovative development. Based on the fact that Switzerland has three first places according to various estimates of innovative development, we can talk about its leadership in the field of innovation and innovative development. At the same time, this is a rather subjective conclusion. A more objective assessment requires the development of an appropriate methodology based on economic and mathematical research methods and substantiation of the significance of each index in the overall assessment.