THEORETICAL BASIS OF INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS IN THE CLUSTER

Abstract

The most diverse forms of interaction play a key role in the formation and development of a cluster. The interaction of enterprises and other organizations in the cluster provides a synergistic effect, as a result of which the compatibility of all individual elements (participating companies and their products) is ensured. Interactions within a cluster are diverse, complex, and sometimes contradictory.

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical approaches to determining the economic content of cluster interaction of enterprises. The features distinguishing cluster interaction from the classical forms of economic interaction are highlighted. The views of scientists on the main forms of interaction of subjects in a cluster are considered. It is determined that among the authors there is no single approach to the classification of forms of cluster interaction between enterprises and other organizations. It was noted that the main group of cluster members is constituted by entrepreneurial structures that constantly interact with their partners, consumers, suppliers, competitors, government and local authorities, educational institutions and other organizations that are part of the external business environment. Based on this, the cluster interaction of business entities in a cluster should be understood as the totality of business contacts that they establish with other members of the cluster and reproduce in the process of their entrepreneurial activity. The content of cluster interaction is determined by the business interests of various participants, which can be mutual and opposite, that is, combine different forms of cooperation and competitive opposition.

Generally different approaches to the classification of various forms of cooperation between the subjects of the cluster, grouped the main forms of interaction on certain grounds. In particular, the main forms of interaction were identified according to the following criteria: industry affiliation of subjects, type of cooperation, direction of interaction, density of interconnections, stability of interconnections, degree of formalization, ensuring interaction, subjects of interaction, number of subjects, functional sphere of interaction, and model of interaction of business processes.